See Errors Immediately

Proofs can be complicated to learn. You must combine mastery of inference rules while working out solution strategies. The last thing you need to worry about is whether you are applying a rule correctly. Deductions highlights errors as soon as the occur, so while you're busy learning, you don't have to worry about learning mistakes.

Screenshot showing errors highlighted in red
Screenshot of a Quantifier Shift deduction together with an open Hint Window.

Help at Your Fingertips

If you get stuck in a proof, you can open the Hint Window to get a suggestion about how to proceed in a proof. There are also two sets of video tutorials: one set shows you how to use Deductions, so you can get up and running quickly; the other set is a series of mini-lectures on the inference rules.


Promote Good Habits

Unjustified assumptions are one of the most common problems when first learning natural deduction. In Deductions, you use the Make Assumption window to insert assumptions into a proof. This guides you through the process, and ensures that all assumptions have a valid exit strategy.

Screenshot of Make Assumption window.
Screenshot of a formula being dragged within a proof

Quick and Easy

Editing proofs is quick and easy, and much more efficient than paper. Deductions automatically renumbers lines and justifications when you insert or delete, and when you drag-and-drop from other proofs. Also, Deductions will infer a formula from the justification in straightforward cases, further cutting down the time you spend typing in your proofs.


Use Your Textbook

Deductions works with many textbooks and rulesets, and can be configured to work with custom languages and systems. Introduction/elimination rulesets are supported, as well Copi's popular inference/substitution ruleset. You may use different symbols, add or remove specific rules, allow free variables, and even use non-classical systems.

Screenshot of the language preferences window and the rules preferences window

Fits Any Budget

Deductions was designed for instructors, students and researchers in philosophy, mathematics and computer science. In contrast to the high cost of many logic and science textbooks, Deductions was priced to be affordable. We even have volume discounts and site licenses available.

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